Ensayos | Lo autobiográfico en los jóvenes - Entre las generaciones se abren grietas y el tiempo fluye entre los intersticios, deja sus marcas, atraviesa los compartimientos, se enhebran saberes y modulaciones y se plantean quiebres y continuidades. La edad es esa construcción que se mide y se sostiene, que permite la confección de los mapas y los recorridos, y esas definiciones merecen […]

Entre las generaciones se abren grietas y el tiempo fluye entre los intersticios, deja sus marcas, atraviesa los compartimientos, se enhebran saberes y modulaciones y se plantean quiebres y continuidades. La edad es esa construcción que se mide y se sostiene, que permite la confección de los mapas y los recorridos, y esas definiciones merecen su análisis y su reflexión. De la mano de David Viñas nuestro compañero acompaña esas interrogaciones. 

Por Bernabé De Vinsenci

En el documental «Un Intelectual irreverente” David Viñas, afirma: “se parece al suicidio la autobiografía, porque en el suicidio la víctima y el verdugo, es la misma figura”. A decir verdad, lo autobiográfico parecería –hecho notorio– impregnarse de componentes contradictorios. Una cosa, es a la vez, dos extremos: lo que se padece y lo que se tiraniza.
Lo autobiográfico, por otro lado, es aquello que narra la experiencia de una personalidad. El joven actual –la experiencia de su personalidad–, en efecto, es la de un cuerpo tiranizado por sí mismo –podríamos decir– que se somete a experiencias rimbaudianas, incluso, en lugares donde las experiencias no existen: por poner un caso, la muerte. La adrenalina que marca no sólo el carácter impulsivo, pone de relieve la inédita noción del tiempo: entendiéndolo a éste como una suma de placeres. Cuanto más se goza, más se habita al tiempo, esto es, menos se lo padece. Por lo pronto, la frecuente experiencia automovilística –su forma impulsiva– de ser un mero pasatiempo se torna, en el peor de los casos, un hecho suicida. Entonces, si bien el joven es consciente de que la alta velocidad puede ocasionarle la muerte, a su vez, le produce goce, y más aún, cuando logra tener una multitud de espectadores que le son cómplices. Sin embargo, él debe estar a mereced de esto último debido a que la forma convencional de percibir el tiempo es mediante una sucesión inmediata de placeres que mitigan la existencia. Quien exhiba más los artilugios del goce, merecerá el respeto de todos; al menos así, se impone el prototipo de joven. El efecto del alcohol –sometimiento más común– no deja de ser un estado en que el tiempo se fragmenta –o directamente– deja de existir. O para negarlo, pese a que el goce se vuelve insuficiente, el suicidio cobra un carácter liberador, y luego, sobreviene insólitamente, una epidemia: un suicidio, dos, tres…El tiempo para los jóvenes de hoy, en definitiva, es una eyaculación.

Philippe Meirieu, en su libro “Frankestein o el mito de la educación como fabricación”, distingue dos tipos de generaciones. A la primera podríamos llamarla moderna y a la segunda moderna tardía:

1) las diferencias de una generación a otra eran mínimas, en las que existía un vínculo garantizado. “(…) se cultivaba –afirma Meirieu– el recuerdo del barrio o del pueblo natales, de sus personajes típicos y de sus acontecimientos destacados”. En los “vínculos garantizados” subyace la noción del tiempo por etapas, como aquello que ha de suceder a un debido tiempo: el placer es meditado según sus efectos. La ley simbólica –aquello que posibilita la diferenciación de los espacios– marcaba los atributos del adulto como diferentes a los del niño. El adulto, en tanto portador de cultura y, por consiguiente, de significados, les aseguraba a los recién venidos al mundo un lugar: un sentido de la historia. ¡He aquí la lengua materna! ¡He aquí el mundo!…

2) entre una generación y otra existe una distancia. No hay nada que compartir, ni siquiera intereses. “(…) las relaciones entre generaciones –escribe Meirieu– se han «instrumentalizado» (…) ya no se habla de veras, se intercambian servicios: «Quédate en casa a cuidar de tu hermana, tendrás el dinero de bolsillo que pides» (…)” El adulto, en tanto portador de malestares y, por consiguiente, de orfandad, a los recién venidos al mundo no les asegura su lugar: un sinsentido de la historia. ¡He aquí no hay nada! ¡He aquí el vacío! ¡Rebúscatela sólo!…

Predominando hoy la modernidad tardía, abunda en los jóvenes, el sentido de orfandad que de ser tangible se vuelve simbólico. La falta de los “referentes” –aquellos que se presentan como norma y soporte para obrar en lo sucesivo– dejan paso a la noción del tiempo como una sucesión inmediata de placeres. Los estímulos: televisión, publicidad, redes sociales –lugar que deberían ocupar los adultos–satisfactoriamente, ejercen su pedagogía: previendo la ausencia, en particular de lo familiar y en general del educador, desarrollan su estratega de la paideia. Los dinamismos de las “tecnologías de la comunicación”, – encargados de mantener altivos a los estímulos– sistemáticamente introducen en las subjetividades estereotipos con sus sucesivos particularismos. Los sujetos –como decía Pierre Bordieu– son hablados: ¡Ponte esta ropa! ¡Habla de esta manera! La orfandad –sinónimo de goce– es antónimo, ya sea de lo paternal o lo maternal…del adulto. Cuando a ellos se los advierte constreñido reclamando las fallas de los jóvenes, no hacen más que calificar sus negligencias: el no haberles mostrado el mundo, el no haberles brindado “vínculos garantizados”…

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